幼児の恥および罪悪感に関連する表出・行動とその発達的連続性の検討 : 1年後の追跡調査
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概要
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It is known that after a mishap that 2-year-old children appeared to cause and in which they did damage to another person's object, a shame-relevant group of children who avoided him or her in the mishap was less likely to repair and confess his or her damage than a group of children who did not avoid. It is unclear, however, whether children who tried to fix the damage had a guilt-ridden motivation to repair for him or her. And it is not evident whether individual differences in behavioral tendency to shame and guilt are developmentally stable in early childhood, though it was reported that individual differences in proneness to shame and guilt were remarkably stable from middle childhood to early adulthood. Therefore, this research examined above two questions. In Study 1, 25- to 37-month-old children were led to happen to break an experimenter's doll, and their behaviors relevant to shame and guilt were observed. A group of children who fixed the doll with their gaze on the experimenter when the experimenter was present after the mishap was more likely to be quick to rivet their eyes on a nurse when the experimenter had been not present yet after the mishap and to show the broken doll to the experimenter after the mishap than a group of children who fixed the doll without their eyes on the experimenter or who did not fix it. This result suggested that not only repairing but also gazing at another person suffering damage might be critical nonverbal indicator of guilt feeling. In Study 2, which was conducted one year after Study 1, thirteen of children who had participated in Study 1 were led to cause an experimenter's building of blocks to collapse, and then the relation between their behavioral variables in Study 1 and those in Study 2 was examined. The children who had tended to smile and show the broken doll to the experimenter in Study 1 was more likely to do the same in Study 2, but avoidant children in Study 1 did not tend to be avoidant in Study 2. This result indicated that not individual differences in shame-relevant avoidant behavioral pattern but those in guilt-relevant affiliated behavioral pattern could be stable for one year in early childhood.
- 2008-12-25
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