幼稚園における子どもの「人とのかかわり」に関する考察(2) : 子どもの「精神発達」と保育者の「援助」の関係

概要

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Kindergarten is defined as a place where children learn how to live; kindergarten teachers who aim to help children gain this knowledge often confuse the words `guide' and `help'. The word `help' is used when the teacher observes, approaches, and assists children while the word `guide' is used when teachers lead rather than simply support children in their activities. After the revision of the Kindergarten Education Guidelines in 1989, helping was emphasized over guiding, and consequently the relation between the two actions began to be discussed. This paper focuses on the essence of these two activities in pre-school education and examines how children and teachers relate to each other in the course of the teacher's helping activities. The final goal is to find an objective process whereby teachers can choose the proper action to build positive relationships between teachers and children. The author concludes that the guiding must be based on helping and that above all the teachers must treat children in such a way that they can reach their full potential, and believes that all activities performed by adults caring for children should be helping activities. Further research must observe how and to what extent teachers can continue helping children, and the interactions of children and teachers in their daily play.
2009-06-01