スタンリー・キューブリックとB・F・スキナー : モノリスはティーチング・マシーンか

概要

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The teaching machine invented by B.F. Skinner was recog-nized as one of few clear achievements of scientific pedagogy and even appeared in SF. Arthur C. Clarke who wrote the script of the SF movie "2001: A Space Odyssey" with Stanley Kubrick wanted to scientifically define a monolith to be a God who had given intelligence to our ancestors. In other words, he wanted to describe a monolith as a teaching machine as well as a God. However Kubrick did not want to make clear about what a monolith is. Instead, he expressed the inconsistencies of the teaching machine in the artificial intelligence computer "HAL". Further in 1971, by a movie titled "Clockwork Orange", Kubrick visually illustrated the problems of the teaching machine in terms of the following points : According to the Skinner's theory, a human being becomes a slave of the environment; learners are not learning with their own will; the meaning of reinforcement is left to the interpretation of the learners ; learning can not be fully explained by the learner's behavior, therefore, the learner's mind can not be considered a black box as Skinnerian have; effectiveness is given the first priority in the teaching machine; etc.