インプラント周囲骨の応力解析 : 被圧変位性が実測値に近似する有限要素モデルの応用

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Purpose : It has been reported that the mobility of dental implants is different from that of natural teeth. The difference should be taken into consideration when dental implants are applied for partially edentulous patients, as the mechanical condition is one of the most important elements for the longitudinal success of the implant therapy. Finite element (FE) analysis is useful for the mechanical examination, but the displacement of implants obtained by the FE analysis which completely combines the implant and the surrounding bone was remarkably smaller than the actual implant mobility. This study was conducted in order to create a 3-dimensional (3-D) FE models of implants and their surrounding tissue using gap elements that represent both the movement and the stress distribution and give stress analysis of the implant surrounding bone. Methods : A personal computer with an FE analysis program (COSMOS/M version2.95, SRAC) was used in this study. Each 3-D FE model was constructed from a screw-type implant with a titanium abutment and a cylindrical bone. A static load of horizontal (0〜3000gf) or axial direction (0〜5000gf) was applied to the superstructure. The lateral surface of the bone portion was restrained in all directions. The implant was rigidly anchored in the bone part along its entire interface in C-model, while gap elements were set between the implant and the bone in G-model. The target values of implant displacement were calculated according to the report of actual measurement of the osseointegrated implants. Results : On the horizontal and axial load the implant displacement was smaller than the target value in C-model, while it became similar to the target value in G-model, by adjusting the width of the gap element. The maximum equivalent stress was observed in the cortical bone portion facing the compressive side of the implant in all of the models but in G-model the rise of stress value was not observed in the tensile side. The stress value of C-model was much smaller than that of G-model, which might then be caused by the rise of the stress distribution to the tensile side in C-model. Conclusions : The implant displacement in G-model was more similar to the actual mobility than that in C-model. Application of gap elements to FE analysis was an effective method to simulate both the displacement and the stress distribution of the implant and the bone.

インプラント周囲骨の応力解析 : 被圧変位性が実測値に近似する有限要素モデルの応用

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