Relationship Between Coronary Plaque Formation and NAD(P)H Oxidase-derived Reactive Oxygen Species : Comparison of Intravascular Ultrasound Finding of Atherosclerotic Lesions with Histochemical Characteristics

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Background: Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vesselwall plays an essential role in atherogenesis. Recently, we demonstrated that thegeneration of ROS via NAD(P)H oxidase was correlated with plaque instability usingcoronary specimens obtained by directional coronary atherectomy (DCA). In this study,the relation between plaque formation and ROS generation was studied based onpre-interventional examination with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and histologicalanalysis of the corresponding DCA specimens.Methods: Pre-interventional IVUS images of 29 patients were analyzed. Vesselcross-sectional area (CSA), lumen CSA, plaque CSA and % plaque area were obtainedat the minimal lumen site. ROS generation and expression of NAD(P)H oxidase p22 phoxin DCA specimens were evaluated by the dihydroethidium method andimmunohistochemistry as the ratio of positive area versus total surface area in eachspecimen.Results: ROS positive area ratio in DCA specimens was correlated positively withvessel CSA, plaque CSA, and % plaque area (r = 0.51, p = 0.0046; r = 0.62, p = 0.0004;r = 0.60, p = 0.0006, respectively). Further, p22 phox positive area ratio in DCAspecimens was also correlated with vessel CSA and plaque CSA (r = 0.47, p = 0.0095; r= 0.47, p = 0.0103, respectively).Conclusions: This in vivo study clearly demonstrates that NAD(P)H oxidase-derivedROS plays a significant role in the development of atherosclerosis.
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