Soil development and fertility characteristics of inland valleys in the rain forest zone of Nigeria : Physicochemical properties and morphological features(Soil Genesis, Classification and Survey)

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Inland valleys are a widespread topography in West Africa and have significant potential for agricultural development, especially wet rice cultivation. This study investigated the physicochemical and morphological properties of the soils of two inland valleys in Abakaliki and Bende, Southeast Nigeria, where the soils are derived from shale materials, and discusses their agricultural potential as well as the soil-forming process. Particle size analysis suggested that the soils at both sites were fine-silty, fine-loamy or clayey and, thus, would be able to retain a high amount of water. In contrast, the higher content of clay and silt in the Abakaliki soils would enhance much more water retention than the Bende soils. The soils in Abakaliki, except for some subsoil horizons, generally had acidic reactions, low contents of exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K and Na) and high amounts of exchangeable acidity (Al and H) for which leaching effects under high precipitation in the area would be implicated. Bray-1 P values in these soils were generally low under such acidic conditions, while organic C and total N were recorded at relatively high levels, in particular at the surface horizons, reflecting large biomass production under a humid climate. The Bende soils showed similar chemical properties to Abakaliki except for relative accumulation of exchangeable bases throughout the profile on the downslope possibly because of the rolling topography. This result suggested that geological fertilization (i.e. afflux of nutrients released during the soil formation in the upland into the lowland) was more beneficial in Bende than Abakaliki. From the findings of the present study, we concluded that soils in both Abakaliki and Bende had good texture for sawah development (leveled and bounded rice field with an inlet and an outlet for irrigation and drainage), but their poor chemical properties would be constraints for agricultural production.

Soil development and fertility characteristics of inland valleys in the rain forest zone of Nigeria : Physicochemical properties and morphological features(Soil Genesis, Classification and Survey)

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