Remarkable Synergistic Effects in Antifouling Chemicals against Vibrio fischeri in a Bioluminescent Assay
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概要
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A bioluminescent assay using Vibrio fischeri Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen (DSM) 7151 was applied to evaluate the toxicities of some new antifouling chemicals. First, the efficient concentration, led to 50% inhibition of bioluminescence (EC_<50>) values of the single antifouling chemicals zinc 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide(Znpt), copper 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide(Cu-pt), CuSO_4, zinc bis(N,N'-dimethyl)-dithiocarbamate(Ziram),4,5-dichloro-2-(n-octyl)-3(2H)-isothiazolone(SeaNine 211), pyridine triphenylboron(PTPB),3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea(Diuron), dichlofluanid (N-dichlorofluoromthylthio-N',N'-dimethyl-N-phynylsulfamide)(DCF), and 2-methylthio-4-rert-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine(Irgarol 1051) were determined to be 0.08, 0.12, 0.22, 0.31, 0.35, 0.75, 8.49, 12.74, 39 and >40mg/l at 30 min of incubation, respectively. Then, 45 different combinations composed of two antifoulants each were evaluated. Based on the EC_<50> values at 30 min of incubation, typical patterns of interaction for the combinations were classified into three groups based on the comparison of inhibition difference between single chemicals and their mixtures. Mixture toxicity indices were also introduced to examine the interaction effect of each combination. The results showed that most combinations were partially additive, and there was no antagonistic effect among the present combinations of chemicals. Additive effects were observed in the case of Diuron, PTPB, or SeaNine 211 when mixed with IPBC. Marked synergistic effects were observed for Irgarol 1051, Ziram, Zn-pt, and Cu-pt when mixed with Cu^<2+>, which will make these chemicals more toxic against organisms in marine environments.
- 公益社団法人日本薬学会の論文
- 2006-06-01
著者
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永田 進一
Environmental Biochemistry Group Research Center For Inland Seas Kobe University
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Nagata Shinichi
Environmental Biochemistry Group, Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University
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Zhou Xiaojian
Environmental Biochemistry Group, Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University
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Okamura Hideo
Faculty Of Maritime Sciences Kobe University
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Nagata Shinichi
Environmental Biochemistry Division Research Center For Inland Seas Kobe University
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Zhou Xiaojian
Environmental Biochemistry Division Research Center For Inland Seas Kobe University
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