シラス地帯の地下水特性に関する研究 : 第一報 水理地質と地下水調査の概況

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概要

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• The fundamental characteristics of the hydro-geology in the Shirasu region may be defined as follows ; namely, the so called Shirasu layers, moulded after having been deposited over the rock beds of Mesozoic formation and the upper welded-tuff forming impermeable beds, have the propensity to work as a favorable aquifer. The characters and correlations of these strata which have had influences upon the state of ground water, show rich varieties in accordance with the difference in the localities put under investigation. The general classifications for the state of ground water are as follows : 1) A large amount of ground water flows through many cracks contained in the welded-tuff situated comparatively at a high elevation, as can be seen around Kagoshima city. 2) The rain water infiltrates directly into the cave and flows through the cave which seems to have been formed by the working of the more developed crack, therefore, the ordinary surface stream has only a little quantity of discharge as may be seen at Nansatsu plateau. 3) The ground water flows through the apuifer consisted of Shirasu layer on the impermeable bed existing buried deeply in the earth, as may be seen at Kasanohara. Of the three cases, the 3rd one is readiest to be observed. In this report, the following studies were carried out chiefly at Kasanohara with the intention of making these conditions as simple and clear as possible, as Kasanohara may well be considered to be isolated from other regions in the points of both topography and hydrology. That is, the fluctuations of water level in wells and others are put into measurement continuously. And after making a comparative study between the discharge-data measured in the main and its tributary streams of Kimotsuki river and the meteological observation-data, the authors tried to let the hydrological features or water holding process be ascertained. The results obtained up to this day, are summarized as follows ; 1) The mean annual runoff-ratio for nine years (1953〜1961) is 87.2%, which is much higher than the mean value of the whole Japan. And it is consisting of the next items, namely ground runoff 45.0% and surface runoff 42.2%, the former is above the average. The evapotranspiration is 346mm, which is equal to 12.8%. 2) By making a comparison between the fluctuations of ground water level and the distribution of rainfall, it was ascertained that some rainfall takes 4.7 days per vertical height 1m to infiltrates through all strata and arrives at the ground water table. This velocity of infiltration is equivalent to 2.46×10^<-4>cm/sec and agrees with the coeffcient of permeability of the Shirasu obtained at the laboratory. 3) Provided a measurement is to be done at the isolated watershed along the region put under consideration, the following equation may be fixed : namely G=HPa+G_2. Accordingly, the ground water runoff G_2 may be calculated by presuming a recharge quantity of ground water G and an air containing ratio Pa. And the velocity of ground water may be estimated with the ground water runoff.

• 鹿児島大学の論文
• 1964-12-28

著者

• 河原田 禮次郎

  生産環境工学

• 河原田 礼次郎

  Laboratory of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

• 阿部 雅雄

  Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering

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