18世紀後半英領インドにおける地図作製事業とレネル : 「帝国」と地図のポリティックス(1)

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As for the national level of official maps in modern times, the first priority was given to the military use and a tool for nation's domain rule. This paper is the first preliminary report on politics involving the presentation of the national domain of a "map" in the imperialism age and their background thoughts and angles. The author deals with the period that European countries had been making the sparks fly for colonies from the second half of the 18th century to the first half of the 20th century. The first half part is a methodological examination on this line. In contrast, at the later half part, the author would like to focus on James Rennell (1742-1830), who was a great British surveyor in India, oceanographer and praised as the "father of Indian Geography". In the first half part I would like to suppose the following nine research viewpoints of the politics of maps. 1) The osmosis process of the political domination and the basis which justifies mapmaking survey; 2) the enforcement process to the national policy in connection with mapmaking; 3)contents of mapmaking technique, and the profiles of surveyors and their assistants; 4) making a list of maps from the cartographic point as works of survey and expedition; 5) a time gap between the investigation of mapmaking and the completion of regional geographic or ethnographic monographs, and their mutual use by colonial rulers, armies, adventurers; 6) reconciliation and fusion within the colonial societies; 7) the nature of map users such as explorers, businessmen, government officials, and researchers; 8) the enforcement substance of cadastral survey and its mapmaking and statesman's land view; 9) map education in colonies or suzerains as nation building. The East India Company which drove the wedge into the southernmost end of the Mogul Empire rule performs Indian Ocean trade mainly by the factories of Madras, Surat and Bombay at the beginning. The first Survey of India also sets the foundation there. British rule, however, shifted to North India after 1756-63's Seven-years War. Hereafter "India" of South and North joined together, and new "India" was created. Rennell's Bengal Map is a product of British rule upon Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. He and his assistants themseles surveyed in whole Bengal. The distance along a road, a direction and a reference point, longitude and latitude, and grid lines were used. In addition, various kinds of local information and maps that covers in comparative small area were expressed on the map. On the other hand, Rennell's Hindoostan Map is a result which many data were compiled. This map is a kind of visualization that British ruled whole India.
関西大学の論文
2005-04-01

著者

野間晴雄
関西大学文学部

18世紀後半英領インドにおける地図作製事業とレネル : 「帝国」と地図のポリティックス(1)

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