Control of the germination of secondary dormant cocklebur seeds by various germination stimulants

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The responsiveness of non-dormant, upper cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds to various germination stimulants, such as CO_2, C_2H_4, CS(NH_2)2, BA and enriched O_2, decreased with increasing periods of water imbibition and was completely lost in the state of secondary dormancy. Unlike CO_2, BA and CS(NH_2)2, however, C_2H_4 and enriched O_2 effectively prevented the development of secondary dormancy, and their combination was the most effective for stimulating the germination of seeds which had undergone imbibition for a long time. CS(NH_2)2 and BA were effective, not by themselves but either under anaerobiosis or elevated O_2 tension. Growth of the axial and cotyledonary segments excised from aged seeds remained responsive to these germination stimulants and could be further stimulated by exogenous C_2H_4. With imbibition at a lower temperature, the seeds maintained high germination in response to various stimulants and a high rate of C_2H_4 and CO_2 production during a long period of water imbibition. These results are discussed in terms of the two possible causes for the loss of responsiveness or induction of the secondary dormancy.
日本植物生理学会の論文