Changes in Circulating LH, Sex Steroid Hormones, Thyroid Hormones and Corticosterone in Relation to Breeding and Molting in Captive Humboldt Penguins(Spheniscus humboldti)Kept in an Outdoor Open Display

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概要

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• Penguins are highly adapted to marine life. Their hydrodynamic efficiency depends on feathers which wear with age and need to be replaced regularly. During molting, penguins can not enter the sea to forage and are forced to fast. Therefore the duration of molting is necessarily brief. To better understand molting in penguins, we collected plasma samples from 16(8 pairs)Humboldt penguins kept in an open display pen at Tokyo Sea Life Park from May to September, 1994 and estimated circulating concentrations of LH, testosterone, estradiol, thyroxine(T4), triiodothyronine(T3) and corticosterone. Body mass was also measured at each blood sampling. Throughout the year, reproductive activities(egg laying, incubation, hatching and rearing)and molting were observed and recorded. Humboldt penguins maintained reproductive activity from January to December except during molting. Each pair started molting between the end of July and early August ; usually males started earlier. The duration of molting was 13.4±0.8 days for males and 12.9±0.3 days for females. Body masses were highest just before the start of molting in both sexes. Plasma concentrations of LH were high, (> 2 ng/ml)in May in both sexes, then gradually decreased, to 0.53±0.38 ng/ml in males and 0.72±0.11 ng/ml in females by the end of July. Testosterone and estradiol concentrations in plasma decreased and were lowest during molting. On the other hand, plasma concentrations of T4 were low until early July(ca.20 ng/ml)and then doubled within 10 days ; the high levels were maintained for one month and then decreased greatly in males and slightly in females. When the plasma concentrations of T4 started to decrease, plasma concentrations of LH increased. Changes in plasma T3 were not consistent with molting. These results indicate that the decrease of plasma levels of sex steroid hormones and the sharp increase of T4 induced molting, which lasted only for a short period.

著者

• 青木 清

  上智大学

• Wada Masaru

  College Of Liberal Arts And Sciences Tokyo Medical And Dental University

• Wada M

  Osaka Univ. Osaka

• Wada M

  Tokyo Medical And Dental Univ. Chiba Jpn

• Hori Hiroshi

  Department Of Applied Biological Chemistry Tamagawa University

• Aoki K

  Life Sci. Inst. Sophia Univ. : Sch. Edu. Waseda Univ. : Sch. Agri. Nagoya Univ.

• Aoki Kiyoshi

  Life Science Institute Sophia University

• Wada Masaru

  Department Of Bioscience Fukui Prefectural University

• Aoki Kiyoshi

  Life Sci. Inst. Sophia Univ. : Sch. Edu. Waseda Univ. : Sch. Agri. Nagoya Univ.

• Higuchi Hiroko

  Biotechnology Research Center Toyama Prefectural University

• HORI Hidemasa

  Tokyo Sea Life Park

• Otsuka Ryoko

  Life Science Institute , Sophia University

• Otsuka R

  Tokyo Medical And Dental Univ. Ichikawa Jpn

• Wada M

  Division Of Applied Bioscience Research Faculty Of Agriculture Hokkaido University

• Wada Masaru

  College Of Liberal Arts And Scicences Tokyo Medical And Dental University

• Aoki Kiyoshi

  Life Sci. Inst. Sophia Univ.

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