知識調整メカニズムとしての役割 : 役割理論の課題と構図を求めて

概要

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Social role has been characterised as a key concept in solving two fundamental problems in sociology: the micro-macro link and the action-meaning link. In fact, this double characterisation has resulted in two divided theoretical streams: structuralist and interactionist. Being independent of each context rather than synthesizing them, this paper examines a distinct aspect of role theory. Based on a structuralist context, especially through the discussion of the randomness of goals, we confirm that role is deeply related to an adjustment process between value relevance and goals, and that, despite the insistence of structuralists, sanction mechanisms are not the sole deciding factor. As an alternative mechanism, the discussion of role knowledge in an interactionist context calls for our attention. Role knowledge is external to actors; at the same time, it is always to be modified in the process of stock and flow. Such working adjustment of role knowledge implies micro level interaction where actors mutually confirm and refine their subjective role definitions. Role theory explains what happens under what conditions in that context. We present a rough sketch of a theoretical model and discuss its extension.