Crystal Growth and Characterization of (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3--BaTiO3 Single Crystals Obtained by a Top-Seeded Solution Growth Method under High-Pressure Oxygen Atmosphere

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A single crystal of ferroelectric 0.88(Bi,Na)TiO3--0.12BaTiO3 (BNT--BT) solid solution with tetragonal $P4mm$ structure was grown by a top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) method at a high oxygen pressure ($P_{\text{O\scale70%$_{2}$}}$) of 0.9 MPa. The crystals exhibited a large remanent polarization ($P_{\text{r}}$) of 54 μC/cm2, which leads to a spontaneous polarization estimated to be 54 μC/cm2. The large $P_{\text{r}}$ compared with that of crystals grown at $P_{\text{O\scale70%$_{2}$}} = 0.1$ MPa is suggested to originate from a low oxygen vacancy concentration. The high-$P_{\text{O\scale70%$_{2}$}}$ TSSG method is demonstrated to be effective for obtaining large-sized, high-quality BNT--BT crystals.
2011-09-25