The Study of Adsorption of Detergents at a Solution-Air Interface by Radiotracer Method. IV. The Valency and Concentration Effects of Added Electrolytes on the Adsorption of Alkyl Sulfate Ion

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The adsorption of dodecyl sulfate ion in the presence of various inorganic electrolytes whose concentrations are all 10−4 mol./l. and the adsorption of alkyl sulfate ions in the presence of the excess salt were measured by using S-35 labeled alkyl sulfates. In the presence of various electrolytes, both the rate of adsorption and the equilibrium adsorption of dodecyl sulfate ion increase with the cationic valency of added electrolyte, while they are almost independent of the anionic valency. In the presence of the excess salt, both the rate and the equilibrium adsorption of the alkyl sulfate ions increase with the salt concentration. With increasing concentration of salt the rate of adsorption of the dodecyl sulfate ion approaches the rate of the simple diffusion theory, while that of tetradecyl- and hexadecyl sulfate ion exceeds the value predicted by the simple diffusion theory. It was pointed out that the higher rate of adsorption is attributed to the higher surface activity of solute. The idea of surface activity was explicitly introduced in the explanation for the adsorption process and the discussions for the theories proposed earlier were given.
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