Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of the ion and solvent transports through ion-exchange membrane.
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概要
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A theory for the ion and solvent transports through membrane has been developed on the basis of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. The fluxes were represented as linear functions of the effective driving potentials. The theory is reduced to that of Katchalsky when the concentration ratio of two aqueous solutions is near unity and the solutions are dilute. The effect of solvent flow on the interionic correlations was discussed. It was pointed out that Despic and Hills' theory of the electroosmotic effect on the membrane conductance is not valid with respect to both theoretical and experimental aspects. The comparison of the present theory with the previous one was also made. The six independent phenomenological coefficients (elements of the conductance matrix) were experimentally determined as a function of concentration with the concentration cell consisting of the amphoteric ion-exchange membrane and aqueous calcium chloride solutions. The membrane properties were discussed in terms of the conductance matrix. The diffusional ion conductance was much greater than the electrical ion conductance, as an indication of the failure of the Nernst-Einstein relation. The cation-anion coupling coefficient was close to unity whereas the ion-water coupling coefficients were less than 0.1. The solvent effects on the interionic conductance elements were found to be small in spite of the fact that the water permeability was extremely high. The distinction between the cationic and amphoteric ion-exchange membranes was explored in terms of the elements of the conductance matrix.
- 公益社団法人 日本化学会の論文
著者
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Kaibara Kozue
Department Of Biological Substances And Life Science Faculty Of Engineering Kyushu Kyoritsu Universi
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Kimizuka Hideo
Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Kyushu University
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Nagata Yoshihiko
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University
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