English/Japanese literal and free translation versions of the M-G Personality Questionnaire:Inter-contextual matching of responses in Americans and Japanese

概要

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Japanese Forms H (J-H) and S (J-S), and English Forms H (E-H) and S (E-S), of the M-G were developed. E-H was constructed by literal-translation, E-S by free-translation of J-S and J-H by literal-translation of E-S. Each Form S represented self-cultural context (SCC) and Form H hetero-cultural context (HCC). Americans exhibited social-maladjustment in SCC and personal-adjustment in HCC whereas Japanese exhibited positive, dissimulating and socially-adjusted-tendencies differently in HCC and SCC. Among Americans, personal-maladjustment tendency decreased and social-adjustment tendency increased when Forms H and S were repeated. American personality characteristic (positivism) correlated negatively with Japanese mode of behavior, and Japanese personality characteristic (cooperativeness) with Western mode of behavior. A distance (D) calculated in each subject between the profiles of the scores in the 13 scales of J-H and J-S, or E-H and E-S constituted a measure of the level of intercontextual matching of responses (ICM). Pearsonian correlations indicated that the smaller the D (i.e., the greater the ICM) of Americans and Japanese, the greater the self-efficacy for behaving in HCC. Such an ICM (or flexibility) increased through repeated alternate experiences in SCC and HCC. Americans were more stereotyped, whereas Japanese were more flexible, intercontextually.
公益社団法人日本心理学会の論文