Effects of the physical and chemical properties of soils derived from different matrices on the growth of Satsuma orange trees. II.:On the growth of Satsuma orange trees in frame experiment

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1. The effects of physical and chemical properties of soils weathered from different parent materials on the growth of Satsuma oranges were investigated from 1957 to 1962. The concrete frame used for the experiment had area of 3.24 square meters and depth of 1.2 meters. Soils examined were collected from main citrus raising areas in Ehime Prefecture, and they were derived from different parent materials as follows:Sekizen soil: Paleozoic graywacke and lime stoneFutami soil: Chlorite schistOhira soil: Biotite andesiteYoshida soil: Mesozoic sand stoneOno soil: DiluvialIdai soil: Granodiorite2. Judging from the volume of tree crown, the enlargement of trunk diameter, growth of shoots, amounts of pruning and fruit yield, the growth of Satsuma oranges was superior in Sekizen and Futami soil, inferior in Ono and Idai soil, and intermediate in Ohira and Yoshida soil. The shoot growth in Ono, Idai, Ohira and Yoshida soil was greater in organic fertilizer (fish manure etc.) than in the inorganic (ammonium sulphate etc.).3. Among 6 different soils examined, there were conspicuous differences in the gravel content, soil texture and other physical properties. Soil organic matter was slightly abundant in Sekizen and Futami soil. Soil reaction was slightly acidic in Sekizen soil with the high degree of cation saturation, but was strongly acidic (pH 5.0-4.5) in other soils. Cation exchange capacity was great in Ohira and Futami soil. In the inorganic fertilizer plots, soil pH of 10-30cm depth lowered remarkably, while that of top soil (0-10cm) became high by the application of dolomite in the fifth year. The lowering of soil pH was slight in organic fertilizer plots.4. Comparing the changes of nitrate nitrogen of top soil from March to November in Sekizen, Yoshida and Idai soil, Sekizen soil was highest almost throughout the season, followed by Yoshida and Idai soil in order. In the organic fertilizer plot the content of nitrate nitrogen in top soil was higher than in the inorganic fertilizer plot especially after summer. The nitrate nitrogen content might become one of indexes which indicate the difference in growth of Satsuma orange trees. It seems that chemical and physical properties in examined soils, had a great effect on the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers.5. There were the great differences in fruit yield and tree vigor of Satsuma oranges even in each area where the soils of the present experiment were collected. The productivity seemed to be closely related to the available depth of soil and the physical structure and it was difficult to analyze the direct effect of chemical properties.
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Effects of the physical and chemical properties of soils derived from different matrices on the growth of Satsuma orange trees. II.:On the growth of Satsuma orange trees in frame experiment

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