日本脳炎ワクチンの予防効果にみられた出生季節の影響

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On the assumption that the preventive efficacy of Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine is somewhat influenced by the season at birth, the relation among them was retrospectively investigated by studying 4, 854 JE cases in Japan during the period 1965-1970.The vaccination histories of patients were obtained from JE case individual surveillance cards reported to the Ministry of Public Welfare by Hygienic Department of each Prefecture. Among 4, 272 JE cases, on whom vaccination histories were obtained, 879 cases (20.6%) had been vaccinated previously. The ratio of the vaccinated was differently fluctuated by season of birth among 458 cases born in JE epidemic years of 1948-1958 (with average JE morbidity of 3.6/100, 000), whereas it was not much different seasonally among 429 cases born in JE non-epidemic years of 1940-1947 (with average morbidity of 0.3/100, 000). Among the patients born in epidemic years, the ratio of the vaccinated was significantly high (p<0.005) in those born from April to June and significantly low (p<0.01) in those born from January to March, while there was no significant seasonal fluctuation in the ratio of the vaccinated among those born in non-epidemic years.Since the ratio of the vaccinated among the total population is not likely to differ by season of birth, the fact that vaccinated persons were more frequently found among the cases born from April to June in epidemic years than among those born in other seasons of the same years, is considered to show the less efficacy of JE vaccination among those born in epidemic season of epidemic years. The result implies the possibility that the immunological capacity of infants may have been modified by the preceding latent JE virus infection on particular fetal or neonatal stages and the modified immunological capacity may have changed the preventive efficacy of JE vaccination against JE virus infection even more than ten years later.

日本脳炎ワクチンの予防効果にみられた出生季節の影響

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