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The authors reviewed 281 cases with overt lower intestinal bleeding seen at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital during the period from January 1977 to April 1979.<BR>Among the patients with overt rectal bleeding, advanced colorectal cancer was the most common, accounting for 30.9%. Polyp (19.2%), hemorrhoids (17.1%), proctocolitis of known etiology (drug-induced, radiation, infections, etc.) (13.1%), chronic ulcerative colitis (10.6%), diverticulosis (2.8%) and early colorectal cancer (2.5%) were seen in this order of frequency. Furthermore, a number of patients were found to be positive on fecal occult blood testing.<BR>Rectal digital examination and fecal occult blood testing are easy to perform with inexpensive cost and the obtained fingings can provide important clues to the diagnosis of various colorectal diseases.<BR>In order to prevent a symptomatic patient from delay in visiting a doctor, education via mass media will be required for increasing intestinal diseases.