The U Loop in the Vectorcardiogram with the Frank System

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The authors observe the contour and location of the U loop in normal, hypertension, aortic insufficiency and infarction.(1) In normal cases, the horizontal U loop is located leftanteriorly with the small loop or V shape, and the left sagittal U loop is located anteroinferiorly with small loop. The U loop in frontal plane is located leftinferiorly with hookor γ type.(2) In hypertension, the U loop in horizontal plane is dislocated from leftanteriorly to rightanteriorly. The contour of the U loop is γ or V shape and in cases with the T loop located rightanteriorly with clockwise inscription, the U loop is V shape with clockwise inscription. The authors call those U loop as the secondary U loop change.(3) In aortic insufficiency, the U loop change in horizontal plane is similar to that in hypertension, but, in some cases the middle portion of the horizontal U loop is located rightanteriorly, the terminal portion remaining leftanteriorly. This characteristic type corresponds to the third type in hypertension and might be due to diastolic overloading.(4) In some cases with hypertension and many cases with anterior or anterolateral infarction, the horizontal U loop is dislocated to the right or rightposteriorly or is shaped with round or ellipse. These changes of the U loop are called as the primary U loop change.(5) The genesis of the U loop is discussed with those results.
International Heart Journal刊行会の論文