組織と社会関係資本

概要

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Many scholars view organizational advantage as accruing from particular resources within organizations. They view knowledge as the source of resources that provide sustainable competitive advantage in a market. New knowledge is created by an individual through mutual interaction, and is stored within the individual's brain. As tacit knowledge is codified, it makes it easier for people to understand and use this knowledge. Cooperation between individuals is necessary for creating and utilizing new knowledge. Economic theories such as those that analyze transaction costs, principal-agency, and property rights, attempt to find factors that initiate cooperation. However, such theories failed because they viewed people in terms of the economic man (or homo economicus) model for pursuing their own interests. These theories often ignore the shared interests of organizations or communities. In this article we seek cooperation from the viewpoint of social capital. The proposition of social capital to create and transfer knowledge through continuous interactions in a particular set of people. Organizations are conducive to the development of high level of social capital.