社会関係資本と企業業績 : 組織横断型の協力関係と橋渡し促進の関係
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概要
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A cross-functional team (CFT) draws together employees from diverse business functions in the mutual task of solving a managerial or operating problem. The interaction of people from diverse divisions creates a bonding network that offers numerous benefits including the social capital produced by cooperation among network members. Another type of network, a bridging network, also offers social capital through a non-redundant tie. Both networks generate different types of social capital in a firm. A bonding network such as a CFT is suitable for securing cooperation, but frequent and deep interactions among team members gradually tend to stereotype the network. Although a bridging network is good at discovering novel information that will promote creative solutions, it cannot generate cooperation between members. Social capital consists of structural, relational, and cognitive dimensions. While a bridging network depends on only the structural dimension, a bonding network depends on all the dimensions. Although a bonding network produces stronger effects such as cooperation and mutual supports, as relational and cognitive dimensions of social capital increase, these dimensions can work to exclude and ignore new and unique ideas. We expect that cross-functional cooperation (owing to a bonding network) and bridging networks improve firm performance. If both types of networks interact with each other, a firm will get higher performance because of greater problem-solving competence. A questionnaire survey of 401 managers was conducted at the personnel, the general affairs, or the planning division of Japanese firms. Our statistical analyses show that mutual trust and common values enhance cross-functional cooperation, and that cross-functional teams and bridging networks raise firm performance individually. Unfortunately the interaction between them has no effect on a firm's performance. Cross-functional cooperation weakens the effects of bridging networks due to drawbacks presented by bonding networks.
- 2010-10-30
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