日本企業の行動特性と埋め込み関係

概要

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We focused on the distinctive properties of Japanese companies.The economies of Japan and the U.S. were compared using various previous studies, and their differences clarified. The findingsshowed that the Japanese economy had little dependence on a market in contrast to the U.S. economy, whose mechanism was strongly market dependent.From a company level perspective, the management principle of Japanese companies is groupism whereas U.S. companies are more individualistic. According to various investigations, alarge majority of companies have followed the same practice over a long time. However, Japanesecompanies have now experienced a reassessment in this aspect, which started at the end of the last century. In order to progress in the global economy, Japanese economy needs a market-based mechanism. The issue of temporary employees and the performance-based pay system could be considered as examples of the existing economy.In this paper, we examine the social embeddedness that has traditionally been ingrained in Japanese economy and Japanese companies. Unique attributes of the Japanese economy, such aslifetime employment, the main bank system, and the keiretsu system have contributed towards creating this embeddedness.