An Evaluation of Over-Land Rain Rate Estimates by the GSMaP and GPROF Algorithms : The Role of Lower-Frequency Channels(2. Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) Project,<Special Issue>Precipitation Measurements from Space)
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概要
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This paper presents an evaluation of over-land rain-rate estimates by both the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) algorithm and the standard (GPROF) algorithm for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), by comparing them with estimates by the standard algorithm for TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR). This study has the following advantages over previous studies: (1) the errors in rain-rate estimates are decomposed into those caused by rain/no-rain classification and those caused by rain-rate retrieval, (2) the quantitative effects of bright band height (BBH) and land surface physical temperature on retrieval are evaluated; and (3) the role of lower frequency channels (37.0GHz and lower) for retrieval is investigated. GSMaP yields monthly average and zonal mean rain-rate estimates close to those estimated by the standard algorithm for PR, as it refers to a database produced with PR data. However, GSMaP and GPROF overestimate (underestimate) rain rates for tall (shallow), stratiform (convective), and evening (morning) rainfall. Dependence on storm height (SH) is unavoidable as long as the algorithm relies on the scattering signal caused by solid precipitation for higher frequency channels (85.5GHz). Lower frequency channels are secondarily used in some algorithms to mitigate the above bias characteristics to some degree. In GSMaP Version 4.7, the severe overestimation seen in GSMaP Version 4.5 when SH is higher than 10km is mitigated by using 37.0GHz observations as a scattering signal. The following are indicated for stratiform rainfall with a bright band (SRBB). While the rain-rate estimates are negatively dependent on BBH in GSMaP, the use of 21.3GHz and 10.7GHz observations resulted in the cancellation of the dependence on the BBH in GPROF. Although lower-frequency observations are subject to variation in land surface physical temperature, no significant effects of land surface physical temperature on the rain-rate estimates were observed in this study. To improve over-land rain-rate estimates, it is important to make the most effective use of lower-frequency observations.
- 社団法人日本気象学会の論文
- 2009-03-31
著者
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KOZU Toshiaki
Shimane University
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IGUCHI Toshio
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
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KUBOTA Takuji
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
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SETO Shinta
Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo
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SHIGE Shoichi
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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TAKAHASHI Nobuhiro
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
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Seto Shinta
Institute Of Industrial Science The University Of Tokyo
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Shige Shoichi
Department Of Aerospace Engineering Osaka Prefecture University
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Kubota Takuji
Earth Observation Research Center Japan Aerospace And Exploration Agency
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Kubota Takuji
Japan Aerospace And Exploration Agency
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Kubota Takuji
Earth Observation Research Center Jaxa
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Iguchi Toshio
Applied Electromagnetic Research Center National Institute Of Information And Communications Technol
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Takahashi N
Kagoshima Space Center Space Transportation Mission Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
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OKI Taikan
Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo
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Oki Taikan
Institute Of Industrial Science The University Of Tokyo
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Nishida Takashi
Kagoshima Space Center Space Transportation Mission Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
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