GSMaP Passive Microwave Precipitation Retrieval Algorithm : Algorithm Description and Validation(2. Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) Project,<Special Issue>Precipitation Measurements from Space)
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概要
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This paper describes a precipitation-retrieval algorithm for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) that was developed under the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation project (GSMaP) by improving the authors' previous algorithm. The basic idea of the GSMaP algorithm is to find the optimal precipitation for which the brightness temperatures (TBs) calculated by the radiative-transfer model (RTM) fit best with the observed TBs. The main improvements of the GSMaP algorithm over the authors' previous work are as follows: (1) use of precipitation-related variable models (precipitation profiles, drop-size distribution, etc.) and precipitation detection and inhomogeneity estimation methods based on TRMM observation studies; (2) use of scattering signals of the TMI Polarization-Corrected Temperature (PCT) at 37 and 85GHz (PCT37, PCT85) and scattering-signal correction for tall precipitation (thickness between precipitation top level and freezing level (Dtop) larger than 6km) over land and coastal areas. In order to validate the GSMaP algorithm, we compared its retrievals from TMI TBs in 1998 with the TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) and Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF) retrievals (2A12 version 6). The results show that (1) over land and coastal areas, the GSMaP retrievals agreed better with PR than GPROF for tall precipitation (Dtop>4km) weaker than 10mm h^<-1>, while both GSMaP and GPROF underestimated PR precipitation rates for precipitation heavier than 10mm h^<-1>; (2) over ocean, the GSMaP retrievals agreed better with PR than GPROF for precipitation heavier than 10mm h^<-1>, while GSMaP slightly overestimated precipitation weaker than 10mm h^<-1> compared to PR and GPROF; (3) The GSMaP algorithm failed to detect some precipitation areas weaker than 2mm h^<-1> over sub-tropical oceans. Experimental algorithms with different precipitation-related variable models and retrieval methods using scattering signals were applied to TMI TBs in July 1998 to examine the effect of the above improvements to the GSMaP algorithm. The results show that the improvement of the precipitation profile alleviated the underestimation of precipitation heavier than 10mm h^<-1> over land and coastal areas, that the combined use of new physical-related variable models alleviated the underestimation of precipitation heavier than 10mm h^<-1> over ocean, and that the use of PCT37 and scattering-signal correction reduced the overestimation of tall precipitation (Dtop>4km) weaker than 10mm h^<-1> over land and coastal areas.
- 2009-03-31
著者
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KOZU Toshiaki
Shimane University
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TAKAYABU Yukari
Center for Climate System Research, The University of Tokyo
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KIDA Satoshi
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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SHIGE Shoichi
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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KUBOTA Takuji
Earth Observation Research Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
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AONASHI Kazumasa
Meteorological Research Institute
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AWAKA Jun
Department of Marine Biology and Sciences, Tokai University, Sapporo Campus
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HIROSE Masafumi
Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University
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KOZU Toshikaki
Interdisciplinary Faculty of Science and Engineering, Shimane University
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LIU Guosheng
Department of Meteorology, Florida State University
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SETO Sinta
Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo
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TAKAHASHI Nobuhiro
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
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Seto Shinta
Institute Of Industrial Science The University Of Tokyo
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Aonashi Kazumasa
Meteorological Research Institute Japan Meteorological Agency
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Shige Shoichi
Department Of Aerospace Engineering Osaka Prefecture University
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Kozu Toshikaki
Interdisciplinary Faculty Of Science And Engineering Shimane University
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Liu Guosheng
Department Of Meteorology Florida State University
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Awaka Jun
Department Of Marine Biology And Sciences Tokai University Sapporo Campus
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Kida Satoshi
Department Of Aerospace Engineering Osaka Prefecture University
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Seto Sinta
Institute Of Industrial Science The University Of Tokyo
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Kubota Takuji
Earth Observation Research Center Japan Aerospace And Exploration Agency
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Kubota Takuji
Japan Aerospace And Exploration Agency
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Kubota Takuji
Earth Observation Research Center Jaxa
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Takahashi N
Kagoshima Space Center Space Transportation Mission Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
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Hirose Masafumi
Faculty Of Science And Technology Meijo University
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Takayabu Yukari
Center For Climate System Research The University Of Tokyo
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Nishida Takashi
Kagoshima Space Center Space Transportation Mission Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
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Takayabu Yukari
Center For Climate System Research (ccsr) University Of Tokyo
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Aonashi Kazumasa
Meteorological Res. Inst.
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