Lead Toxicity : Does the Critical Level of Lead Resulting in Adverse Effects Differ between Adults and Children?
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概要
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Objectives: The Scientific Committee on Neurotoxicology and Psychophysiology and the Scientific Committee on the Toxicology of Metals of the International Commission on Occupational Health in 2006 recommended that the standard for blood lead (BPb) levels be reduced to 30μg/d/ for industrial workers and 5μg/d/ for children. To examine whether the critical level of lead producing adverse effects truly differs between workers and children, we provided an overview of studies addressing the critical level of lead in workers, together with a perspective on lead toxicity in children. Data sources and extraction: In 25 reports published in English with keywords of "benchmark dose (BMD)," "lead" and "humans," only five studies proved to be relevant to lead toxicity. Four more studies with figures illustrating significant relationships between lead and neurotoxic outcomes were selected. Data synthesis: Based on data from previous reports using a BMD approach, the critical organ of lead in workers was thought to be the nervous system and the critical BPb level (number-weighted mean) was between 10.7 and 17.5μg/d/. The neurotoxic effects of lead exposure at such levels seemed reversible. The BPb level at which lead-associated intellectual deficits occurred in children was as low as the critical level of BPb (below 5μg/d/) for inhibited heme synthesis in workers. Conclusions: The neurotoxic effects of lead in workers appear to be initiated at BPb levels below 18μg/d/, which are somewhat higher than the critical level of lead neurotoxicity in children. Each national institute for risk management should take evidence-based preventive action against subclinical lead poisoning in workers, as well as in children.
- 社団法人日本産業衛生学会の論文
著者
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IWATA Toyoto
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Akita University School of Medicine
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MURATA Katsuyuki
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Akita University School of Medicine
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DAKEISHI Miwako
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Akita University School of Medicine
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Iwata Toyoto
Department Of Environmental Health Sciences Akita University School Of Medicine
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KARITA KANAE
Department of Hygiene and Public Health, School of Medicine, Teikyo University
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Dakeishi Miwako
Department Of Dermatology Akita University School Of Medicine
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Karita Kanae
Dep. Of Hygiene And Public Health Kyorin Univ. School Of Medicine
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Karita Kanae
Department Of Hygiene And Public Health Kyorin University School Of Medicine
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Murata Katsuyuki
秋田大学 医学部医学科社会環境医学
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Murata Katsuyuki
Department Of Environmental Health Sciences Akita University Graduate School Of Medicine
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