寝具クッションの生体力学的快適化(1部生体の力学的特性)

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The hardness of a mattress is one of the main influential factors in the comfort of bedding, because it determines vertebral loads and pressure distribution on the tissues. In this paper, we analyzed the comfort condition of a mattress using a developed experimental bed with mechanisms for adjusting the hardness and a link model calculating internal forces such as vertebral loads and compressions. The mattress is divided in the longitudinal direction into 16 parts: the 8 parts for the torso are 100mm wide; the others, 150mm. The hardness of each section can be set arbitrarily from 0.35N/mm to 46N/mm. Reaction forces relating to surface pressure and the downward motions affecting the vertebral loads are measured. Twenty-five adult male subjects tried to adjust their mattress to be comfortable. Fat subjects and subjects sensitive to lumbar pressure preferred a uniformly hard mattress or partially hard mattress at the hip part in order to maintain a flat posture. Thin subjects selected soft mattress to decrease overall reaction forces. These results show that the internal loads at the lumbar parts and the pressure on the back tissues are important factors in achieving a comfortable fit. To verify the adequacy of the assumed determinative factors, a two-dimensional rigid link model of the human body was developed to calculate internal loads in the recumbent position. The model contains 21 segments: a head, 17 divided torso sections, thigh, shank, and foot. Elastic elements were attached as a vertebral disc or a ligament between spinal joints and as the tissues at the back body surface. The sinking posture depending on the input hardness distribution was calculated by the Newton-Raphson method. The calculated posture almost agreed with the measured one. Using this simulation, we confirmed that the internal load become minimal at the selected distribution of hardness. Inversely, the distribution achieving minimum internal loads was also calculated for several body conditions. Consequently, the concentrated distribution of hardness on the hip part satisfied the biomechanical comfort requirements.
バイオメカニズム学会の論文
1994-08-10

寝具クッションの生体力学的快適化(1部生体の力学的特性)

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寝具クッションの生体力学的快適化(1部 生体の力学的特性)

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寝具クッションの生体力学的快適化(1部生体の力学的特性)