椅子の座り心地に対する生体力学的評価(2部筋・関節・運動)

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A computer simulation method to estimate the musculoskeletal load in various seats and sitting conditions has been developed. The human body was modeled by the following four rigid segments and an abdominal balloon: chest including the head and upper extremities, upper lumbar, lower lumbar and pelvis. These segments were linked with elastic joints and moved on the sagittal plane. The chair was also assumed to be a rigid body; the backrest angle, the seat inclination, the position and the height of the lumbar support were changeable. Inner force components applied to the segments were the reaction torque of joint elasticity, the muscle force exerted by back and abdomen, and abdominal pressure. The supporting forces of the body weight were applied concentrically at the points of contact between the chest and the backrest, between the lower lumbar and the lumbar support, and between the pelvis and the seat surface. By means of the equilibrium equations of these forces and the given conditions of seat and sitting stature, the muscle forces, the lumbar disc pressures and shear stresses, and the abdominal pressure were calculated and displayed graphically on a CRT. To obtain the conditions of seat and sitting stature, equipment measuring the shape of the contact surface was developed. The shape sensor consists of several strain gauges which are equally spaced on thin stainless steel tapes. Since the sensor is flexible, the contact shape between the body and seat surface can be measured without modifying the chair. The signals from the strain gauges are scanned rapidly, and the shape is calculated rapidly by a desktop computer. Other necessary morphological and physical parameters were derived from the literature. The calculated musculo-skeletal loads were brought into good agreement with other experimental studies by means of electro-myogram and pressure sensors. They also showed a similar tendency to lumbar load measured by a manikin with pressure sensors. The total muscle forces, the total shear stresses and the total pressures in lumbar discs were defined as the evaluation indices of the seat's comfort. Consequently, the comfort range of the lumbar support height and position, the backrest angle and the seat inclination were obtained. But musculo-skeletal loads are influenced considerably by the sitting stature regardless of the seat design. This method is applicable for basic evaluation in seat design. The equipment developed for measuring the shape of a contact surface is useful for a detailed design including the influence of seat cushions.
バイオメカニズム学会の論文
1988-06-15

椅子の座り心地に対する生体力学的評価(2部筋・関節・運動)

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椅子の座り心地に対する生体力学的評価(2部 筋・関節・運動)

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椅子の座り心地に対する生体力学的評価(2部筋・関節・運動)