主要雑草の葉身部の解剖的特徴 : 雑草の生態・生理に関する研究,第3報

概要

論文の詳細を見る
Several anatomical characteristics of leaf blade, related to weed control techniques and/or herbicidal activity, have been studied using 23 weed species and 3 crops of rice, wheat, and barley. The results are as follows: 1) Based on information already reported by DOWNTON, AKITA, and TAKEDA, whether or not chloroplasts and starch grains exist in vascular bundle sheath cells (BSC) was examined, and as the result weed species employed in this experiment could be divided into two groups of photosynthesis, i.e. nonchlorophylous C_3 and chlorophylous C_4 plants in the pathways of CO_2 fixation. 2) Out of 26 species used, six species of Panicoideae, three species of Eragrostoideae, two species of Cyperaceae and Portulaca oleracea were considered to belong to the C_4 plant and the other 14 to the C_3 plant. There was a distinct difference in the number and arrangement of vascular bundle between two group plants. The C_4 plant, for instance, has narrower space between neighboring vascular bundles. That accounts for much_ vascular bundles distributed in the leaf blade of the C_4 plant. 3) It is said that the surface structure of leaf blade is related to adherence of chemicals when applied on foliage. Corrugation Index (b/a) was obtained from measuring lengths of corrugation line (b) and its bottom one (a) in the cross section of leaf blade, as shown in Fig. 2. This index varied considerably with weed species, showing higher values in Gramineae and Cyperaceae than in broadleaved weeds. However, one kind of broadleaved weeds, Marsileae quadrifolia, indicated a higher index as an exception. Out of Gramineae, the highest was found in Leptochloa chinensis. This fact suggests us that this grass weed may not be controlled by the same procedure as barnyardgrass. 4) Thickening of external membrane in epidermis that may be a factor concerning penetration of chemicals into mesophyll has been observed. Thicker membranes were in Gramineae and Cyperaceae than in broadleaved weeds. Further, out of Gramineae species, rice (Oryza sativa), goosegrass (Eleusine indica), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis) have thicker membrane than the others. 5) Air cavity in the mesophyll of leaf blade varied with weed species. Generally speaking, aquatic weeds such as Sagittaria pygmea and Potamogeton distinctus had large cavity, which may make less cell-by-cell migration of chemicals in mesophyll. The cavities of the above two weeds were 50.7 and 34.7 percent of total leaf area on the average, respectively.
日本雑草学会の論文
1973-02-25

主要雑草の葉身部の解剖的特徴 : 雑草の生態・生理に関する研究,第3報

スポンサーリンク

概要

著者

関連論文

スポンサーリンク