Surface and Domain Structure of Pure PbTiO_3, Mn-doped PbTiO_3 and Pb(Zn_<1/2>Nb_<1/2>)_<0.91>Ti_<0.09>O_3 Single Crystals by Atomic Force Microscopy

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Nanometer scale surface morphologies in pure PbTiO_3, Mn-doped PbTiO_3 and Pb(Zn_<1/2>Nb_<1/2>)_<0.91>Ti_<0.09>O_3 single crystals prepared by the flux method have been investigated by atomic force microscopy and discussed in connection with 90° and 180° domains. Regular gradiants with angles of 3.4° to 3.6° at the domain boundary were measured on the (001) surface in as-grown crystals with so-called typical 90° a-c domains. The angle of the gradiant is controlled by the crystal tetragonality (c/a) in the crystal and is 3.4° to 3.6° in pure PbTiO_3 and Mn-doped PbTiO_3 with c/a=1.063, and 0.5° to 0.8° in Pb(Zn_<1/2>Nb_<1/2>)_<0.91>Ti_<0.09>O_3 with c/a=1.004. In pure PbTiO_3 and Mn-doped PbTiO_3, the 180° c-c domains are constructed from the trapezoidal form with a step of 80 to 100 nm and confirmed by electric potential measurements using Kelvin force microscopy.
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1997-09-30