遺伝子発現 : 総論(<特集>遺伝子発現)

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Genetic information is stored in all cells as genomic DNA. Differences among cells of a single organism reflect differences in gene expression. Gene expression is controlled mainly at transcriptional step. Once RNA transcripts are synthesized, they are spliced to become mature mRNA, which are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and used as templates for protein synthesis. Each step is regulated so as to accommodate to the needs of each cell. Gene expression can be greatly altered by environmental stimuli, which are transferred by istracellular signal transduction systems. Gene expression is also regulated during various disease processes. Neoplastic transformation is believed to originate via mutation and anomalous gene expression. Protooncogenes, which are responsible for transformation and progression of neoplasms, are involved in the signal transudation system to the level of gene expression. Brain tumor research, therefore, is closely linked to the study of altered gene expression. The process of cell death in brain tumors is, at least in part, regulated via changes in gene expression. The process of such active suicidal cell death is known as apoptosis. In acute neurosurgical disorders such as head trauma and cerebrovascular diseases, the central nervous system (CNS) is damaged so quickly that there seems to be no possibility of involvement of gene expression. However, a secondary process, which could exacerbate a patient's condition, takes place following the initial injury. In this secondary process, cells in the CNS seem to alter their gene expression in order to survive. One such cellular reaction is the stress response. Expression of genes encoding various growth factors is also important for the survival of CNS cells under disease.
日本脳神経外科コングレスの論文
1996-03-20

遺伝子発現 : 総論(<特集>遺伝子発現)

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