乳幼児のごっこあそびの発展に関する実証的研究(2) : ごっこあそびの研究(6)

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本論文では，ごっこあそびの発展に関するビアジュ，エリコニンらの考え方を発展させる基本視点を示してきた一連の理論上の仮説を実証する目的で，1）ごっこあそびは特定の年令での遊びではなく，乳幼児期に各年令で質的な発展を遂げるものであること，2）その質的な展開は，行為の身振りから始まって物の見立てへさらに役割のあるごっこあそびへ3歳までで発展する，3）3歳以上は，状況を作ることからさらにストーリーのある展開まで発展してくる，4）これらの検証のためには，行為，遊びの中での虚構の意識，遊び終わってからの虚構の意識，虚構を否定したときの虚構の保存などのレベルがあることを前提にしておかなければならないことを仮説として提起し，1歳から5歳までの子ども20名以上ずつを調べた。その結果，仮説の1）及び2），3）については仮説が支持される結果を得た。しかし，仮説4）は，内容上の発展として考えたことから今回の調査では，一部は支持されたが全面的には検討できなかった。We had made hypothesises on the criterion of pretend play which is basically related not only with fictional consciousness in pretend play but also with fictional actions through investigation on J.Piajet,D.B.Eliconin and so on at previous study(T.Tamaki 1987).We also pointed out that we needed at least five moments to make the fiction in ts;,conduct,object,roll,place or situation and time to research.We also proposed our assumption on how pretend play develops from birth to 6 years old(T.Tamaki 1989).In this paper we emphasized the relation between the signifie and the signifiant not by symdol but by actions and we showed four levels related with fictional consciousness in pretend play for the purpose of making sure the fiction in it.According to these hypothesises,after preparatory research(T.Tamaki 1988),we made present research and showed the result only by simple totaling of four levels and we got the result which basically supported our hypothesises(T.Tamaki 1991).Thepurpose of this study is to make these hypothesises positively confirm just through synthetic analysis on the relations of four levels with abobe five moments using above data.The result showed mainly following two;1)the pretend play is not related with specific ages such as J.Piajet's assumption from 2 years to 4 years or Eliconin's after 3 years but it is related with all ages in young children having specific structures.That is;through investigation of four levels with five moments,some moments had been already completed even by one-year-old children,some moments could have not been completed even by five-year-old children.Therefore it is necessary to conform that the levels and moments are making a fiction.We,however,concluded that their conclusions showed only a part of the whole development in young children's pretend play.2)The pretend play in each ages have particular qualities or structures.The result showed following;first,the pretend play using the signifie and the signifiant by action is set up sooner than another level,that is;gesture with objects is already set up and completed at 1-year-old,and gesture without objects had is set up at 2 and completed at 3.Using language which differs from their own languages is settled up at 3 but could not be completed by 5 years old.Thus,generally,we might conclude the children by 2 years old played it in this level except the moment of look.Second,another 3 levels focused on verbal answer to questions on consciousness of pretending using above 5 moments are different from above level.Thus,the making action or conducts in it pretend play is began at 2 years old and is completed at 3 years old,the making objects transformations is set up at 2 and completed at from 3 to 4,the fictional roll is also completed at 2 years old and completed at 4,the situation is set up at 2 and completed at 4,the time is set up at 3 and completed at 4,and fictional consciousness of the time is set up at 3 and completed after 5,therefore,we might conclude children set up it in this level at 2 years old and complete it at 4 years old though there were many difference according to each levels.Above two results showed that the period of making the fiction is various and different according to each testing levels and moments,therefore,we got the conclusion that the pretend play was never clung to specific age and each ages have specific structures of it and our assumption on the developmental stage was supported by this research basically though we got some points to make several neccessary corrections in it.

乳幼児のごっこあそびの発展に関する実証的研究(2) : ごっこあそびの研究(6)

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