惑星テクトニクスと火山活動

概要

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Surface topographic features on terrestrial planets and satellites are mainly produced the cratering processes of impacting planetesimals and volcanisms due to the heat loss processes of the internalenergy. Basaltic and icy volcanisms are dominant on terrestrial planets and satellites of giant planets, respectively. Volcanic processes can be devided into three groups in terms of their topographic characteristics, i.e. plate recycling, hot spots, and flood (basaltic) flows. The multiplate tectonics is only dominant on the present earth, while a single-plate (or a few-plate') tectonics is dominant on other terrestrial planets. The plate recycling could be identified by the elongated or linear chain of volcanoes on Venus. The hot spot volcanism is characterized by a random or clustered distribution of shield volcanoes, and is dominant on Mars and lo. The spectacular sulfer-dioxide plumes on lo are energetically produced by the hot spot silicate volcanism beneath the S-SO_2 layer and silicate lithosphere. Flood (basaltic) flows are common for low lands or smoothed plains such as mare basalts on Moon (crater fill), smoothed plain basins on Mercury and so on. For icy volcanisms on satellites, similar classifications can also be made, although the lack of detailed geophysical observations makes some arguments about their origins still open.
特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会の論文
1986-10-01