INTERCALATION INDEX WITH HYDRAZINE, MORPHOLOGY AND SURFACE MICROTOPOGRAPHY OF KAOLINITIC CLAYS IN THE TROPICAL ASIAN SOILS

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Using kaolinitic clays separated from plow layer samples of paddy and upland soils in tropical Asia, their intercalation behavior with hydrazine was studied and their morphology and surface microtopography were observed by electron microscopy, in which a gold decoration technique was adopted. In the red members of the soils developed on weathered basic volcanic rocks and limestones under tropical monsoon climate and under humid equatorial climate with wet and dry seasons, there occurs Type IV kaolinite which showed intercalation with dimethyl sulfoxide, but not with hydrazine. It has fine hexagonal platy crystals with no growth steps on the surface. A considerable amount of type IV kaolinite was contained in soils formed on heavily weathered, old sediments of certain districts of Thailand under tropical monsoon climate. On the other hand, soils developed on weathered acidic rocks under humid to perhumid equatorial climate contained Type I kaolinite which showed intercalation both with dimethyl sulfoxide and with hydrazine. It has fine to coarse irregular platy crystals with various growth steps on the surface. Under tropical monsoon climate, residual soils in acidic rock areas contained predominantly Type I kaolinite. Tubular and/or onion-like halloysite (7Å) were found in soils formed on weathered basic volcanic rocks under perhumid and humid equatorial climate in Java Island. However, clays in many other soils were mixtures of those three species of kaolin minerals, and the dominant species in each soil was determined by the nature of its parent material and the climatic condition under which it was formed.
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INTERCALATION INDEX WITH HYDRAZINE, MORPHOLOGY AND SURFACE MICROTOPOGRAPHY OF KAOLINITIC CLAYS IN THE TROPICAL ASIAN SOILS

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