ヒノキ科樹木の抽出成分と生理活性

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日本において最も重要で優良な用材源の一つであるヒノキの付加価値の高い有効利用法開発の基礎資料とすべく,ヒノキ科樹木の抽出物に関する1991年以降に報告された知見を調査して報告する.新規化合物の構造決定や成分分析に関しては,新種のテルペノイドの報告並びに,ケモタキソノミー見地からの精油成分のGC-MSによる定性,定量分析の報告が多く,特に,テルペン類の構造の多様性に注目した研究が多い.利用に関しては,テルペン類の含量が高い針葉精油成分の用途開発に関する研究が多い.その中で,生理活性については,各種テルペン類の抗菌,殺虫,殺ダ二活性,心理作用への影響等が報告されている.また,トロポロン類,特にβ-thujaplicin(ヒノキチオール)の多岐に渡る生理活性(齧歯類の囓り抑制,抗菌,殺虫,殺ダニ,抗寄生虫,メタロプロテアーゼ阻害,チロシナーゼ阻害,抗酸化性,活性酸素種捕捉能,UV-Bによるアポトーシス誘導阻害等)が報告されている.これらの知見を適切に利用すれば,用材としての利用後に残るヒノキ樹皮・枝葉あるいは除・間伐材の付加価値が向上すると期待される.The present state of our knowledge on the chemical structures of new compounds, chemotaxisonomic GC-MS analysis and bioactivities of the constituents from Cupressaceae trees, are reviewed with particular reference since 1991. Cupressaceae trees are amongst those that are rich sources of terpenoid compounds. There are a large number of reports about GC-MS analysis of volatile terpenes in leaves. The essential oils and extractives from Cupressaceae trees have a variety of bioactivities, e. g. antimicrobial, insecticidal, miticidal activities, the relaxant effects against a psychological stress, etc. It is worthy of special mention that β-thujaplicin (hinokitiol) has been reported as having a variety of bioactivities, e.g. antignawing, antimicrobial, insecticidal, miticidal, parasiticidal, antimetalloprotease, antityrosinase, antioxidative activities, and scavenging activity against active oxygen, and inhibitory effect on UV-B-induced apotosis. With the development of many sophisticated spectral instruments and chromatographic techniques, isolation and structural elucidation of bioactive compounds in the extracts have become quite facilitation, subsequently to the accumulation of the knowledge of structure-bioactivity relationships. Thus, as research facilities are great improved, on the basis of bioactivity and the chemical structure of constituents in the extract, the exploitation of high valued utilization of the Cupressaceae trees, especially Chamaecyparis obtusa known as one of the most important timber in Japan, should be expected.
九州大学の論文

ヒノキ科樹木の抽出成分と生理活性

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