順向干渉からの解除における検索の下位過程の検討

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The purpose of this experiment was to examine whether the buildup of proactive interference (PI) was attributed to difficulty to generate discriminative items by using retrieval cues or difficulty　to discriminate between present trial items and previous trial items in retrieval phase. For this purpose, a new procedure was provided with successive 2 stages in retrieval phase on PI release trial. The first stage was required to recall items by using discriminative or non-discriminative cues. The second stage was required to recall by using item cues under the both cue conditions. A 2×4 factorial design was used, which incorporated retrieval cue conditions (discriminative and nondiscriminative cue conditions) and number of trials (from 1 to 4). The subjects were 24 students with a mean age of 19 yr. and 9 mo. and were given three Brown-Peterson trials and one release trial, each of which had three names of musical instrument (eg. organ, harmonica, pianica;　drum, cymbal, tympany; cello, violin, harp; flute, horn, oboe). On release trial, the subjects who were assigned to the discriminative cue condition were required to recall items by using category name (eg. keyboard instrument; percussion instrument; stringed instrument; wind instrument) as a discriminative cue during retrieval phase, the remaining subjects who were assinged to the non-discriminative cue condition were required to recall items by using superordinate category name (musical instrument) as a non-discriminative cue during retrieval phase. The main results were as follows. The correct recalled items decreased from trial 1 to 3 under three conditions, and that is, PI were built up as a function of trials. The performance differences were found among two conditions on the first half of 4th release trial. Under the discriminative cue condition, large PI release was produced by discriminative cue. Under the non-discriminative cue, PI release was not produced by non-discriminative cue. On the next half of release trial, the subjects in both conditions were given 3 items as cues which were presented the immediate previous trial. Under the discriminative cue condition, amounts of recall didn't increase further more. While under the non-discriminative cue condition, the performance of recall tended to increase bv the item cues. These results suggested that the buildup of PI and the release from PI were interpreted by difficulty to generate discriminated correct items by using retrieval cues rather than difficulty to discriminate between the present trial and previous trial items. The findings are assumed to fit the 「Dual routes process theory of recall」 (Jones, 1978) better than the 「Two-stage theory of recall」 (Anderson & Bower, 1972, 1974; Kintsch, 1970).
奈良教育大学の論文
1997-11-10

順向干渉からの解除における検索の下位過程の検討

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