体育におけるプラグマティズム : 特にわが国戦後の体育理念と学習指導要領を中心として

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In this study are related problems concerning idealistic conceptions on democratic physical education which has been made newly in the post war Japan. It is matter to reveal special characteristics of thought in pragmatism consisted in American education of liberalism that Japan adapted in her post-war education, and to clarify it from the theory of physical education and the summary of the course of study and the efficacy and its limit. The prewar physical education was cultivated in the feudalistic and militalistic country, undergoing the influence, especially of German education. The Japanese physical education and her education of post war was changed greatly by adopting the American education of liberalism. It weighed a great emphasis in its democratization, scientific utilization and living. It behoved Japanese physical education the educational curriculums of sports, dancing, and recreations. It also made the liberalism, individualism, sportsmanship, and spirit De corps, the harmoneous living as its important aim of the physical education. It defined it to be as "an education through the physical activities." However, the American educational thought was based on the pragmatism belived in the behavior-priority. For this aim, much attention was paid to upkeeping of student's personal interests, life, eagerness and individual physical fitness, but it resulted in separating from the problems of economy, culture, politics and society. And finally, it end up in falling down into the physical education of 1; liberialism, 2; physical education of formalistics, and 3; physical education of centering physical fitness. The Physical education has become of an education that can only bear the present life. This indicates that the pragmatism is the theory that yields to one's behaviorism, and the idea that determine righteousness by the mere personal profit, effectiveness and results. It only helps to teach present society as to how well chances can be won and adapt himself, and the true meaning of education is forgotten. It helped to cause physical education to be the one utilized in the social function, and the true meaning and aim are not yet established, as in "how we educate people by physical education?" or "What is for?" The physical education is there to not only adapt oneself to society but also to fuild up healthy human beings, and to bring up a man capable of renovating society into betterment. For this aim one should seek for through understanding of society, nature of human body and endevour toward overall developement of human beings based on the "Principle Existance."
東海大学の論文

体育におけるプラグマティズム : 特にわが国戦後の体育理念と学習指導要領を中心として

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