Assessment of Lifetime Economic Returns of Sows by Parity of Culled Sows in Commercial Breeding Herds

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The objective of the present study were to determine the number of parities that a sow must remain in the herd for before lifetime net income becomes positive, in typical farrow-to-finish operations in Japan. A further objective was to evaluate the sensitivity of lifetime net income to feed price, price for marketed pigs, feed conversion ratio, and number of pigs weaned. The reproductive data were collected from records of 53,996 sows born between 2001 and 2004 in 101 commercial herds. The economic models for lifetime net income by parity were constructed using reproductive data and economic assumptions. The economic assumptions were based on data obtained from previous studies and multiple producer groups. Lifetime net income in each parity was calculated as the sum of net income in each litter, including salvaged values for sows, minus gilt costs. The net income in each litter was calculated as the revenue obtained by sales of marketed pigs from each litter minus production costs. The costs included feed costs for growing pigs and sows, depreciations for replacement gilts, and the other costs for facility, breeding, veterinary treatment and vaccines, transportation and slaughter fees, utility and labor. Sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate how changes in feed price, the price for marketed pigs, feed conversion ratio, or the number of pigs weaned would affect economic returns. Lifetime net income increased from $-272.8 to $1,944.9 as the parity increased from 1 to 8. A sow reached a positive value of lifetime net income at parity 3. The net income from each litter of a sow increased from $145.8 to $390.2 as the parity increased from 1 to 5. Sensitivity analysis showed that if the feed price increased from $0.40/kg to $0.45/kg, the lifetime net income became negative in parities 1 to 4. Furthermore, if the feed price increased from $0.40/ kg to $0.50/kg, lifetime net income was negative in all parity groups. If the price for marketed pigs declined to $4.25/kg kg or lower, the lifetime net income in all parity groups was negative. However, decreasing feed conversion ratio or increasing the number of pigs weaned increased lifetime net income. In conclusion, increased sow longevity results in increased lifetime net income of sows in commercial herds. Lower feed costs, decreased feed conversion ratio and increasing the number of pigs weaned also increased lifetime profitability of sows.

Assessment of Lifetime Economic Returns of Sows by Parity of Culled Sows in Commercial Breeding Herds

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