江戸時代の賀茂別雷神社の植生景観と日本林制史資料にみられる資源利用

概要

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In Japan, the public tends to believe that shrine forests are remnant of primary vegetation of a region. However, recent studies show that several shrine forests in Kansai region were once dominated by pine trees. We studied relationship between vegetative landscape of the Kamo-wake-ikazuchi Shrine and resource utilization from the 17th to 18th century. Comparison of old drawings and the historical documents on forest management of the shrine indicated that there were pine, Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress and broad-leaved trees at the precinct and that the neighboring shrine mountains were dominated by pine trees. The historical documents also revealed that 1) trees including Japanese cedar were planted at the precinct for aesthetic purposes, 2) illegal collection of forest resources at the shrine mountains was prohibited, 3) the right of forest resource utilization including loggings were bid, 4) underbrush were cut and collected by shrine families. These results indicated that the shrine mountains were protected not as sanctuaries but as properties of the shrine. Comparison with another shrine indicated that periodical loggings and underbrush cleanings were once common management at shrine forests and pine trees were naturally regenerated by them.