ASSESSING MOTIVATIONAL AND INFORMATIONAL FUNCTION OF VICARIOUS REINFORCEMENT AND NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONAL TRIALS IN OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING

概要

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To examine factors of success in observational learning, 132 second graders were assigned to three experimental groups, C-P, I-N and M-M. The C-P group observed the model's correct demonstration and was given positive reinforcement contingent on correct response. The I-N group observed the model's incorrect demonstration and was given negative reinforcement contingent on an incorrect response. The M-M group observed the model's correct or incorrect demonstration and was given positive or negative reinforcement contingent on a correct or incorrect response. Another experimental variable was the number of observational trials, four, eight and 16. It was found that the number of correct response in the I-N group was higher than the M-M group, but was lower than the C-P group. Because subjects in the C-P group consistently responded to the relevant cue regardless of the number of observational trial, they were the only group of subjects who significantly achieved observational learning. It is concluded that observing the model's correct demonstration and receiving positive reinforcement for correct responses are essential for success in observational learning.
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