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Serum 5'-NPD-V was assayed in the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma of the liver and benign liver diseases. All cases with jaundice (serum bilirubin_??_2.5 mg/dl) were excluded from the analysis, because jaundice can cause a non-specific positive reaction in this assay. Eighteen normal individuals were all negative for 5'-NPD-V. 12 out of 13 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were positive. Negative results were found in 67% of 60 patients with liver cirrhosis. 75% of 36 patients with metastatic carcinoma of the liver were positive, only 15% of 34 patients in whom liver metastasis was not detected by surgery, angiography, CT scan or liver scintigram were positive.From the fact that 5'-NPD-V was detected even in 4 hepatocellular carcinoma patients with normal levels of a-Fetoprotein and the positive rate of 5'-NPD-V was higher than that of CEA in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the liver, 5'-NPD-V is considered a potential biochemical means for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic carcinoma of the liver in combination with other tumor markers.