Recent Topics in Rumen Microbiology with Particular Reference to Animal Production in Japan
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
Microbes with which ruminants have established symbiotic relationships include bacteria, protozoa and fungi. Microbiological studies in Japan have emphasized the ecology of the ruminal system including the physiological and biochemical interrelationships between individual microbes. The difference in the distribution of various types of microbes in the rumen was studied first and the importance of the attachment of microbes to solid feed substrates was clarified. The existence of substrate-binding factors in bacteria has also been demonstrated. Many genes encoding fibrolytic enzymes have been cloned and characterized from ruminal microbes to improve the digestion of fiber. Some highly fibrolytic bacteria were produced and the survival of recombinant bacteria in the rumen was studied. The manipulation of ruminal bacteria has not been successful and is still at a challenging stage. Both microbial genetics and ecological approaches are needed to improve ruminant productivity through microbial manipulation. As for the study of microbial protein and amino acid metabolism, a particular emphasis was given to the role of ciliate protozoa. The synthesis of lysine from diaminopimelate by protozoa was demonstrated. The metabolic pathways for many kinds of amino acids were well studied, and it was shown that protozoa actively decompose feed protein and excrete amino acids as metabolic products. Therefore, protozoa tended to reduce the microbial amino acid flow to the intestine. A specific role for pipecolic acid in the physiology and behavior of the host animal was postulated. Protozoal function is still an important problem and deserves further research. Concerning the metabolism of carbohydrate, the reduction of ruminal methane production has been studied because methane is viewed as a pollutant greenhouse gas. Some possible methods of reducing methane production with the least adverse effect have been developed. In this review, some recent topics in ruminal microbiology are described.
- 日本微生物生態学会の論文
著者
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Itabashi Hisao
United Graduate School Of Agricultural Sci. Tokyo Univ. Of Agriculture And Technol.
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Itabashi H
Tokyo Univ. Agriculture And Technol. Fuchu‐shi Jpn
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ITABASHI HISAO
Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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Itabashi Hisao
Graduate School Of Agriculture Tokyo University Of Agriculture And Technology
関連論文
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- Seasonal changes in digestibility, passage rate and rumen fermentation of alfalfa hay in sika deer (Cervus nippon) under restricted feeding
- Comparison of digestibility, passage rate and rumen fermentation between sika deer (Cervus nippon) and cattle fed alfalfa hay cubes
- Effect of cyclodextrin diallyl maleate on methane production, ruminal fermentation and microbes in vitro and in vivo
- Analysis of methanogens in the bovine rumen by polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism
- Recent Topics in Rumen Microbiology with Particular Reference to Animal Production in Japan
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- Effect of α-cyclodextrin-allyl isothiocyanate on ruminal microbial methane production in vitro
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- Effect of ruminal protozoa on fecal microbiota in cattle using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism
- Effects of cyclodextrin-iodopropane complex on methane production, ruminal fermentation and microbes, digestibility and blood metabolites in steers
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- Effects of the essential oil cyclodextrin complexes on ruminal methane production in vitro
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- Effects of protozoa on the antioxidant activity in the ruminal fluid and blood plasma of cattle
- Culture-Independent Analysis of Fecal Microbiota in Cattle
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