19世紀後半の物理学教科書の「物性論」と産業革命期の技術教育内容との関係について
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概要
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The science education in the early Meiji Japan was transplanted from Europe and the U.S.A. The dominant thought which led the science education of those days presented itself typically in the preliminary physics education. The contents of the preliminary physics education was based on Butsuri Kaitei (A Guide to Physics) or on Butsuri Zenshi (The Complete Book of Physics). Butsuri Kaitei, one of the official physics textbooks, which had been published by the Department of Education, was widely used in the whole country for about fifteen years since the year of 1872 and had a great influence on Japanese physics education. Therefore the physics education of those days has been evaluated as the "scientific" science education based on the mechanistic cor puscular view because its first two chapters, which were given much weight in the whole book, explained the properties of matter with the molecular view. Quackenbos' Natural Philosophy, the original text of "properties of matter" in Butsuri Kaitei and Butsuri Zenshi, was one of the physics textbooks which appeared in the industrial revolution period in the U.S.A. under the influence of English, especially of Scotish and French physics textbooks. The Scotish technical education in the early nineteenth century stood on the perception that the principles of physics was useful to the artisans and mechanics by the reason of their technical application to the production process of the mechanical industry. The properties of matter were essential to the "industrial mechanics" and were the very principles that classified the manufactures as typically described in A. Ure's The Philosophy of Manufactures. The French textbooks not only of mechanics but also of physics in the nineteenth century contained the chapter of properties of matter, whose applicable side was emphasized. Quackenbos' Natural Philosophy also emphasized technical applications of physics and practical operation of machines. There were engineering and mechanical properties in its properties of matter. Japanese physics education was also led by the pragmatism for the purpose of construction of mechanical industry and Japanese physics educators accepted the properties of matter in the English physics textbooks in the context of the utility of physics which would plant Japanese industry.
- 日本科学史学会の論文
- 1977-10-31
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- 19世紀後半の物理学教科書の「物性論」と産業革命期の技術教育内容との関係について
- 明治前半期の科学教育の評価をめぐって