明治前半期の科学教育の評価をめぐって
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概要
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The Japanese modern science education was formed after the example of that of the U.S.A. and Europe at the beginning of the Meiji Japan and was transformed by nationalism in the 1880's. The typical aspect of its change can be seen in the preliminary physics education. There is a controversy between the historians of science education on the formation of the nationalized science education, "Rika" in 1886. One explains that "Rika" originated in the German method of science education and another explains it from the influence of the Japanese feudal view of nature. Both explanations base on the evaluation that the science education at the beginning of Meiji Japan was scientific education led by mechanistic corpuscular view. However the science education at the beginning of Meiji Japan had originally two characters, the one is the side of rejecting the feudal view of Confucianism, or religeous mysticism and the other is the side of promoting practical applications of science, especially of physics, to industry. Both characters were arised from the purpose of planting mechanical industries in Japan, led by pragmatism or utilitarianism in the nineteenth century. And so the former was weakened after the uprise of the movement for democratic rights against Government in the late 1870 's, and inversely the feudal view, postulating the harmony in not only nature but also society, was incorporated into the nationalized science education. Therefore "Rika" was being brewed in the late 1870 's of Japan. It neither originated in German method of science education, even if it had been influenced by this method, nor was the very revival of the feudal view of nature, even if it had connoted the part of this view.
- 日本科学史学会の論文
- 1977-10-31
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