明治初期の物理教育の形成とアメリカ,イギリスの物理学教科書

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Japanese Physics education began in Tokyo Kaisei School (the Faculty of Science of the Univesity of Tokyo) and Kogakuryo Kogakko (Imperial College of Engineering) in the 1870's. The majority of the students of the former and all of the latter were taught in English. The physics teachers in the former were Americans and in the latter Scottish. In this paper, the formation of physics education in the 1870's Japan will be analyzed, the methods of physics education being discussed from the points of the combination of physics education with engineering and industry, and the influence of the physics textbooks from the U. S. A. and England. In Tokyo Kaisei School, Prof. P. V. Veeder taught physics with English textbooks, for examples G. P. Quackenbos' Natural Philosophy, B. Stewart's Lessons in Elementary Physics. A. Ganot's Elementary Treatise on Physics, Experimental and Applied (translated by E. Atkinson). Then T. C. Mendenhall was invited to replace him and the department of physics was newly founded in 1881. The laboratory exercises were begun and established in the late 1870's, importing the physical apparatus from companies in Europe or the U.S.A. such as Elliot Brothers and Co. In Kogakuryo Kogakko, Prof. W. E. Ayrton taught physics with the laboratory experiments. He lectured and taught physics practically and applicably to Japanese students, who were elated to realize industrialization for Japanese capitalism. Physics education in the 1870's Japan was formed by the strong leadership of the government, being oriented to engineering. They used in the early period American physics textbooks, such as Quackenbos' Natural Philosophy and D. A. Wells' Natural Philosophy, which were practical and characterized with the thought of applying physics to the industry and the experiences of every day life. The practical and applicable characteristics of these physics textsbooks were agreeable to Japan of those days who wished to grow manpower through physics education to promote the organization of industry. English physics textbooks such as Ganot's Physics, referred by many American authors of physics textbooks, and Stewart's Physics were also practical and experimental. These were main English physics textbooks through Meiji Era of Japan not only in higher education but also in secondary or normal educations. Therefore many physical apparatus based upon these books were manufactured in Japan too.
日本科学史学会の論文
1977-03-31

明治初期の物理教育の形成とアメリカ,イギリスの物理学教科書

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