岩永マキと石井筆子の福祉実践の時代背景

概要

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the historical background of social work for children practiced by Maki Iwanaga and Fudeko Isii during the Meiji era. Iwanaga was Catholic, while Ishii was Protestant. Therefore, their practice of social work for children reflects the history of Catholics and Protestants. In the early days of Catholic history in Nagasaki, Christians had experienced severe suppressions, e.g. some of them were banished, while others were arrested. Soon Catholics began charitable work to bringing up orphans. Also Iwanaga established a ko-beya called Urakami-youikuin. Three institutions for orphans were established by onna-beya, which developed into the convents in Nagasaki. In the Protestant history the missionaries established many mission schools. Thus, Protestants contributed to female education in the Meiji era, i.e. there were not educational institutions for women established by the government. Ishii insisted on the necessity of female education and went ahead with education for female students. She had children with disabilities, so she worked at Takinogawa-gakuen which was the institution to care for disabled children, with her husband Ryouichi when there was still discrimination against children with disabilities. The practice of social work for children by Iwanaga and Ishii was historically grounded in the work of Catholics and Protestants.
2013-03-31