Relationship between three-dimensional facial morphology and craniofacial morphology in normal occlusion

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Three-dimensional (3D) data has recently been used in clinical orthodontics to determine facial soft-tissue morphology. We extracted crosssectional images from a 3D facial model, quantified characteristics of the contour curve using the radius of curvarure, and studied the relationship between the radius of curvature and the maxillofacial morphology. In order to obtain 3D facial data for each subject, 3D facial images were exposed of 31 patients with individual normal occlusion using a non-contact 3D laser scanner. Four cross sections were extracted from the 3D facial data and the radius of curvature was calculated for five sections on each cross section. Cephalometric radiography was performed on each subject, and maxillofacial morphology was analyzed. Correlation analysis was performed between the radius of curvature and maxillofacial morphology at each section in each subject. We found that in subjects with individual normal occlusion, the 3D soft-tissue morphology around the median of the lips strongly reflected the anteroposterior position of the maxillary and mandibular incisors and the position of the mandible. Three-dimensional analysis of soft tissue morphology in association with maxillofacial morphology appears potentially useful in the diagnosis and management of orthodontic treatment.