中国貴陽市環境円借款の実態と評価 : 環境モデル都市事業を中心として (経済学部開設50周年記念号)
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概要
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After the latter half of 1990's, Japanese ODA showed a new change. The first point is that the ODA shrank and the restraint of the yen loan advanced. For the second, strategy characteristics and effectiveness of the ODA were strengthened. For the third, the environmental ODA spread. For the fourth, characteristic of the environmental ODA is the largest, and it is a yen loan type. For the fifth, the main field of the environmental yen loan is an anti-global warming measure and house environment. For the sixth, the ODA strengthened dependence to the treasury investment and loan. And concessive character of the loan has been limited. In such a process, the Japanese ODA for China showed the following characteristic. As for the first, the new ODA has been decreased. As for the second, the scale of the ODA was greatest. The third point is that environmental objective ODA increased. In addition, a personnel training project activated. On the other hand, Japanese and Chinese environment business spread. The environmental yen loan for China increased while showing such a characteristic. This environment yen loan showed the following characteristic. For the first, the scale was greatest and continuous. For the second, the loan to the middle and western district area increased, and a water environmental objective loan was greatest. For the third, it is that concessive character is strong. For the fourth, the yen loan linked with Chinese city public finance. The representative of such a characteristic was the environment model city project of Guiyang City. This environment model project was decided as seven subprojects in 1997. The yen loan of that purpose was given through two phases of loan relations. The object was environment investment capital of the state-owned enterprises. In addition, this project was the greatest model plan. Therefore the state-owned enterprise was accompanied with big individual payment and return burden. In addition, this return process was opaque. On the other hand, Japanese and Chinese company accepted orders of this model project. Furthermore, in Guiyang City, the water environmental service was performed. This project began in 2004, and the yen loan gave the construction fund of the sewer. On the other hand, Guiyang City bore the fund which exceeded the yen loan. The return burden of the yen loan was big, too. It seems that many of these projects are orders of the Japanese company. Such yen loan projects in Guiyang City brought the following result and problem. For the first, the project Guiyang City was typical environment yen loan project for China. For the second, this project improved the air pollution of Guiyang City. On the other hand, the improvement of the water environment was partial. For the third, this yen loan gave the production fund of state-owned enterprises. For the fourth, this model project promoted the making of environmental city of Guiyang City. For the fifth, Guiyang City will bear a big financial burden. For the sixth, concessive character of the yen loan was strong, but the management of the debt was accompanied with uncertainty and opacity. For the seventh, the boomerang effect of the yen loan was expected. An export of Japanese companies expansion effect was expected.
- 2010-03-31
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