ODAと日本財政の国際化(2・完)(一ノ瀬篤教授退任記念号)

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The Japanese ODA attached great importance to a direct loan and indirect loan support. In other words it is the yen loan and international development financial institution support. This loan type ODA is a characteristic of the Japanese developing country support. This loan type ODA was formed historically from 1950's to the first half of 70's. The yen loan began by EXIM with compensation after World War II. And OECF established the yen loan with the yen defense of 1971 and 72. In parallel with this process, support to IBRD, IDA and the regional development finance institution such as the IDB, ADB, AfDF expanded. On the basis of this process, the loan type ODA expanded remarkably after the latter half of 1970'. For a policy, this process was promoted by the middle aim of the ODA and the fund return current plan. Furthermore, after 90's, the loan type ODA shifted to a new development process. At first the yen loan spread. At the same time, the post-Cold War function namely market financial support, regional conflict support, environment and poor assistance increased. On the other hand, this loan type ODA was promoted by the following factor. The first factor is that it was inflected so that the yen loan promotes the self-act effort of the developing country. The second is that Japanese finance escalated treasury investment and loan positively. The third is that EXIM led the yen loan. The fourth is that the yen loan system was utilized in a foreign exchange policy and an international trade balance policy. The fifth is that the yen loan has been most concessionary. In addition to it, the loan type ODA pushed forward Japanese fiscal peculiar internationalization. The first, according to the general concept of the fiscal internationalization, the Japanese public finance expanded circulatory income transfer and gave the addition source of revenue which did it around an economic infrastructure. In addition, the public finance of the developing country increased the return burdens of the yen loan and brought the reversal phenomenon of financial funds. The second, according to the concept of the post-war system theory and the world economy theory, the Japanese fiscal internationalization began a full-scale loan of the international coordination. The coordinate yen loan system to U.S. was built with it. In addition, the loan for capitalist system maintenance expanded. The third, according to the concept of the contemporary financial function, the Japanese fiscal internationalization weakens global income redistribution. The loan type ODA does an income transfer led by middle-income economies. In addition, it makes much of support to the field of agriculture and forestry. On the other hand, there are not much income transfer to the field of education and health and the field of welfare. Passiveness of such global income redistribution characterizes the Japanese fiscal internationalization. Furthermore, through the resource allocation function, peculiar environment assistance increases Japanese fiscal internationalization. The Japanese environment support depends on the yen loan remarkably. The yen loan scale is greatest. In addition, the environmental yen loan gives it mainly in China. The purpose attaches great importance to anti-water pollution measure and forest maintenance. Therefore the cancellation of the yen loan to China after 2008 brings a new turning point for Japanese environment support and international resource allocation.
2010-02-25

著者

竹原憲雄
桃山学院大学経済学部

ODAと日本財政の国際化(2・完)(一ノ瀬篤教授退任記念号)

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