西部ソロモン諸島における考古学的調査の概報(下) : 集落の移動と生活空間

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調査報告III 集落の移動と生活空間 (一) 現在の集落 (二) 集落の成立を物語る伝承 (三) 過去の集落 (四) 生計活動とテリトリー a 農耕及び果実栽培と採集 b 漁撈と貝類の採集 c 狩猟 (五) 生活空間の配置的関係 (六) より大きな地域圏とのかゝわりあいIV 展望A. Geographical background B. Outlines of Reserches 1. Excavations of the Ancient village sites (Vella Lavella island) 2. Reserches on the Stone Monuments (Vella Lavella, Choiseul, Simbo, Ganonga, New Georgia island) 3. Excavation of the traces of Irrigation terrace (New Georgia island) 4. Reserch for the cave site (Choiseul island) 5. Notes on the pottery making technique (Choiseul island) C. The Migration and the life area 1. The village at present day 2. Some legends and folktales on the migration 3. The village in the past (consideration on the village sites) 4. Territories of the economic life A. Agriculture B. Fishing C. Hunting 5. Composition of the life area 6. Relationship between the clan areas and the island group of Roviana culture D. Some perspectives From August to the end of October 1964, Archaeological and Ethnological instituute of KEIO University sent a reserch party to Western Solomon islands in Melanesia. As a member of this party, the writer carried out archaeological investigations mainly concerned with the Megalithic monuments, the traces of irrigation terrace and ancient village sites at Vella Lavella, Ganonga, Simbo, Choiseul and New Georgia island. Western Solomon islanders are Melanesian, but much darker in skin colour than those of surrounding islands. They have the . typical black skin and frizzy hair. At present time, the villages situate all without exception on the cost around island, and the mountainous island forms uninhabited area. But in ancient time, people lived in the mountains according to some traditional informations, for example the legend on origin of Vella Lavella people. As a result of the first reconnaissance some village sites ware discovered at the inland of Vella Lavella island. Then the excavation work was conducted at Tu'umbuo mountain (about 600 meters above sea-level) and Veala mountain (about 300 meters above sea-level), tow places of them. A story says that Tu'umbuo was the first settlement in all Vella Lavella island and Veala is originated place of the name of Vella Lavella. These old village sites are characterized by house-platforms or mounds and in the majority of cases the presence of visible remnants of the original kerbstones defining the house perimeter enables the house plan to be reconstructed. At Veala forty-eight dwelling sites was revealed on the top of mountain and along the narrow ridges. In view of a result of the excavation, these village sites are located within a limiteed area and constitute impressive regularity of layout. The settlement pattern observed is that some rectangular or oval house-platforms surround a round one which has a fireplace, and three or four groups of like this pattern make up one village. A large number of artificial remains were discovered from the trenches. They are stone adzes, shell bracelets, shell moneies, stone flatwares, stone jars, rubstonse etc., and plenty of round stones or cooking stones came from each dwelling sites. The stone adze is the melanesian type as it is called, polished with oval or lenticular cross-section. But there is no potsherd. At present time the pottery has not important role in native's life also, the absence of pottery making tradition is very interesting on cultural history in this area. Nowadays, characteristics of these sites were escaped native's memory, but some traditional informations still offer the possibility of reconstructing the nature of the settlement. Nevertheless the settlement patterns are different between present and ancient village, it can be concluded that these old sites were left by the forerunners of the present village peoples. Then, for what reason and when the peoples came down to the cost area? The migration from mountain to cost, it occured at beginning of the contact with European, because it is possibly accounted for by the fragments of glass which ware dug out at E-3 section trench of Veala site. The writer considers that this migraion is a reflection of culture change and a cultural adaptation, that the native culture adapted itself to outside influences by Christian missionaries, the traders and the governmental actions without changing the system of ecologic niche or frame, of life area. The theoretical meanning of the migration is a transposition of arrangement in life area that is based on activities for livelifood. Therefor, the writer supposes, the migration took place with the decline of head-hunting and the decrease of defensive fonction of mountain region and began to break smoothly the exclusiveness on a part of culuural aspects. Notes in this paper are very brief, the writer intends to report about each problem in detail on anotherday.

西部ソロモン諸島における考古学的調査の概報(下) : 集落の移動と生活空間

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